VALUE OF NEWS PAPER

Points:

Introduction - It serves different classes of people - It plays the role of check and balance - It moulds public opinion - Other utilities.

Information received from different quarters is, fact, treated as news. A newspaper is, thus, paper which contains the most important of such news and carries them to the people in general. It may be called a summary of the important current events.

 
The newspaper is very important in the life of a civilized nation. It is the medium through which public opinion is expressed. It circulates news and views in which different classes of people are interested. Thus, the teachers, doctors, lawyers, traders, sportsmen, even the children find in it some items of information that interest them.

 
The main object of the newspaper is to serve and be helpful to all classes of people. The newspaper has a magazine section which contains stories and thoughtful articles. On important occasions, such as independence Day, it has supplements. These contain articles which illustrate the occasion in question from different angles of vision. The most important part of a newspaper is its editorial. It throws light on national and international issues. The newspaper has also a section called “Letters to the Editor”. It provides an opportunity to the people to express their personal views on subjects of their choice having public interest. Through these they can ventilate their grievances and demands.

The newspaper plays the role of check and balance. It is the best media through which the policies of the government are criticized. The criticism through newspapers is a great check on the government and anti-government elements. In this way the newspaper teaches us a lesson of healthy criticism and keep us well-informed of all the social and political affairs of the world. The reports of oppression and repression published in newspapers immediately make the Government take necessary steps for enquiry and redress of grievances.

the newspaper is a powerful means for propagating political views and moulding the opinions of the people towards certain ends. In fact, great change in the administration of a country may be made through the agency of newspapers. It also makes people conscious of their rights and duties and teach them how to protect their rights, Probably the greatest value of newspapers is that they develop and spread knowledge. Through the newspaper we come to know about the views of great thinkers and social reformers.

Publicity is an essential condition of modern trade and industry. But this can not be fruitfully done privately. Here the newspapers are of great help. It promotes trade and commerce and help in the economic development of the country. The advertisements published in the newspapers give widest publicity regarding commercial concerns.

CHARACTER

Points:
A good character is a fortune in itself - Man makes the character - Good character more precious than rubies.

When wealth is lost, nothing is lost

When health is lost, much is lost,

But when character is lost, everything is lost.

If YOU would get on in the world, you must form and maintain a spotless character. A good character is a fortune in itself. It is one of the great essentja1 to our success in life. An American writer has eloquently said, “it is a mighty and glorious fact that every man is the author of his Own character” But a noble character is not made in a moment or with little effort. it is the reward of constant and well- directed labor. We are the architects of our own character. Our mental Powers must be cultivated Plant the seeds, and tend them well, and they will ‘make an orchard. Cultuvate the powers and they will make a noble character The germ is not the tree, the acorn is not the oak neither is the mind a character

God gives the mind, man makes the character The mind is the garden, character is the fruit, the mind is the

white page, the character is the writing we put upon it; the mind is the metallic plate, the character is our engraving thereon.

 
The mind is the shop, character is our profits on the trade. Large profits are made from quick sales and small percentages, — so great characters are made by many little acts and efforts. The secret thoughts never expressed, the lie never told for want of courage, are just as effectual in staining the character as though the world knew all about them. A good character is more precious, than are rubies, gold, crowns or kingdoms, and the work of making it is the noblest labour upon earth.

A GENTLEMAN

Points:
Introduction- Definition of a gentleman - His characteristics

We often say, so and so is a gentleman, or so and so is not a gentleman. We make this sweeping remark on the basis of his pleasing or displeasing us. If a man pleases us, he is gentleman; if he does not, he is not a gentleman. But can this be the standard of judging a man as gentle or not gentle? If a man fails to please us, can he not be a gentleman? If we approach a man for some donations for our proposed picnic and if he refuses us to pay anything will he cease to be a gentleman? Certainly not. Who, then, is a gentleman?

The original meaning if the word gentle is noble or well-bred. So originally a man was considered as a gentleman who by birth and training, belonged to the upper class. Because the social manners of the upper class as compared with those of the lower class were refined, any man, having reined taste and manners came, in course of time, to he regarded as a gentleman. This sense of the gentleman is till continuing, whether he comes of a noble family or not. Now the word gentlemanliness means refined outward behavior. So a man of refined outward behavior is a gentleman.
But what are the signs of refinement which distinguish a gentleman from one who is not? The special characteristics of a gentleman are as follows:

A gentleman should have a fine character, that is, he should be polite and courteous in his behavior. But this should not be an outward show for winning respect and admiration. This should spring from the goodness of his heart. He is by nature tender at heart and thinks of the feelings, comfort and happiness of others before his own.
Humility is another characteristic of the gentleman. He is never proud of his birth, learning, position or wealth. In other words, he is absolutely free from all sense of vanity

A gentleman scrupulously abhors and avoids the show of any of his powers Thus while doing favors to others, he avoids making much of them.

Pleasantness in manners and dealings is another characteristic of a gentle. In his dealings with others he is always pleasant ordinarily he does not use harsh Words to anybody. But when he is compelled to use such words, he does not make them harsher or severer than it is necessary.

A true gent1e has a cheerful disposition and, with a smile on his lips, deals with others.

MUSIC

Introduction - History - Definition - Its charms kinds of music - Effect of music - Conclusion.

There is no place upon the face of the earth where people do not sing and where music is not treated as an art. Excepting only a few, all the others love music and think it as a part and parcel of their life. No music, no refinement, no culture so they think.

In the primitive age when man had no learning, no culture, when he was as wild as the other wild and ferocious animals, he sang— he sang to give out his mind, to express his feelings, whether of joy or sorrow. Music was his language in and through which he expressed how he felt. He heard the clouds thunder, saw the waves howl and found all nature expressing itself in thousand and one ways. This made him wild in an excess of feeling and he sang— sang out of the gladness of his heart.
How old music is, nobody can say. The history of human civilization has a long record of music. It is said about Orpheus that when he played on his flute, even the beasts and birds assembled to hear him. It is narrated in the Bible that when King Saul was possessed of ghosts and lost his consciousness, David restored it by playing on his heart.

The definition of music can be gathered from what has been said above. Music is nothing but a succession of harmonious sounds, vocal or instrumental. So a song (solo or chorus) comes under the category of music as does an instrumental concert. We may briefly say that any kind of melodious sounds, producing a pleasing effect upon the mind may be termed as music.

Music has appeal to the feelings. It rouses our feelings and emotions and make us forget our joys and sorrows so long as we listen to it. Its poetic jinglings and measured tunes stir the inmost depths of our heart and make us one with them. It woulds enormous power on our heart which nothing else can. This power of music made the children of Hemmelin dance in thrilling joy and disappear with the Pied Piper, leaving their all behind. It is said that some wild animals like the tiger and the deer and even the venomous serpent are moved by music.

The kinds of music is many and various. Of these mention may be made of only some. The martial music stirs the patriotic feelings of men and even causes them to leave their hearth and home and go to the battle-field to court death; religious songs make us pure, honest and religious-minded; the pathetic songs bring tears to our eyes; the love-songs enthral our heart with feelings for union or separation.
Music, as has been pointed out before; touches the softest cords of our heart. It is the food for our heart in our joys and sorrows: it satisfies the heart-hunger of all. This is why it is an object of endearment to all and is cultivated all over the world.

TO SERVE HUMANITY IS TO SERVE GOD OR IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL WORK

Points:
Introduction - Social service is a duty - Conclusion.

A man lives for himself. He thinks and acts to make his own self secure, comfortable and happy. His natural instinct of self-preservation makes him behave in this way. But he becomes truly human only when he tries to make others secure, comfortable and happy. To go beyond one’s own self and serve others is social service. Such statements as “To serve humanity is to service God” and “Service before Self”, bring out the important of social service.

Social service is a duty. From birth to death, individual man goes on receiving things from society. He is in debt to society. It is clearly his duty to try to pay up this debt, to return what he had received of course, the debt is so heavy that it can never be fully paid up. Social service is a way of giving back to society a tiny portion of what one has taken from it. The world is full of poverty, disease, and suffering. There are opportunities for social service everywhere. To raise a fallen man is a social service; to help an old lady out of a bus is social service; to take a blind man across a road is social service. Such acts puts sunshine into a dark life.

There are many inspiring examples of social and humanitarian service. Florence Nightingale, the Lady of the Lamp, gave a new turn to nursing by her selfless service to the sick and dying. Madam Curie dedicated her life to the task of making science serve mankind. Domien died a leper in the service of lepers. Albert Schewitzer gave up a bright career and spent his whole life serving the ailing in French Equatorial Africa. Jean Henri Dunani founded the Red Cross organisation but died a poor man. Badan Powell, though dead, is still serving the world, through the Boys Scout Movement. Even our self-interest should make us serve others. For we rise or fall with our society. Individual happiness depends upon social happiness. If every one tries to make everyone else happy, everyone will find himself made happy. If we all stop throwing banana-skins on roads, no one will break his bones through a banana-skin.

Finally, social service is a great educational discipline. It lifts us out of our petty selves. It elevates our minds, hearts and spirit. It is spiritual training. It makes our lives richer and fuller. It gives us profound spiritual satisfaction and makes us really and truly happy. There is no greater happiness than the happiness that comes to us through the happiness of others.

IF I WERE THE HEAD OF THE STATE

Points:
Introduction - A servant of the countrymen - Top priority to the economic development - Education - To make Pakistan a truly Islamic state - Conclusion.

The saying “Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown” occurs in Shakespeare’s drama. In modern days “The head that wears a crown” stands for person who occupies a position of authority and power. The life of the head of state is not a bed of roses. In fact, it is a burden of responsibilities. If I become the head of the state of Pakistan, I shall leave no stone unturned to convert it into a welfare state based upon the lofty principles of Islam.

A really responsible person has very little time to think for himself. He is all the time concerned with the comforts and well-being of those who are dependent on him. On becoming the head of the state I shall consider myself as a servant of my countrymen and not their master. I shall work with all sincerity for the progress and prosperity of the country. But this is not an easy task to achieve. Firstly, I shall improve the administration of the country. Appointments will be made purely on the basis of merit. Inefficient and corrupt officers will have no place in my administration. Bribe and corruption in administration will be severely dealth with. For the proper implementation of my plans I shall have to choose with great care and caution a devoted and selfless team of ministers and high officers.

My administration will give top priority to the economic development of the country. My aim will be to wipe out poverty from Pakistan. For this purpose large scale reforms will be introduced in all sectors of economic activities. Mechanized farming on a large scale will be adopted throughout the country so that Pakistan may become self- sufficient in food. Growth of industries will be encouraged. The natural resources and manpower of the country shall be f Lilly exploited. I shall ban the import of all articles of luxury. Simple living will be popularized. Economic justice will be done to all.

Education will receive due attention of my government. I shall make all possible efforts to wipe out illiteracy from the country. Technical and scientific education will be given top priority. Education will be made free upto Intermediate level. For making and shaping of a well developed society, basic and higher education is the sheet anchor for the people.

It will be my Endeavour to make Pakistan a truly Islamic state where justice will be done to all irrespective of caste, creed or color. Judiciary will be made quite independent of the executive. Law and order will be maintained throughout the country at all cost. Efforts will be made to better the police administration. Criminals will be severely dealth with. Freedom of speech will be granted. Press will be made free.

In short, I shall do my best to make Pakistan a safe abode for all where peace, progress and prosperity will prevail.

DEBATES

DEBATES

Every school and collage has its debating society which arranges debates, quiz, talent shows speaking both In English and Urdu and sports activities In order to prepare students for the practical life. Besides, schools and colleges there are other Associations and society which also arrange debates.

Debating societies serve many useful purposes. These societies sharpen the Intellect of those who participate In the discussion. Before putting their arguments for or against the subject under debates. They are deeply to think which points will be of substantial help to their stand. This invariably sharpens their Intellect and increase their power of thinking.

These debating societies are useful to students of the schools and collages as a special case; The young girls and boys who attend their educational institutions, need a common, platform (In order to take parts In Quiz, speeches, national songs, stage dramas and other sports activities) from which they can discuss venous types of views, points and situations In order to fulfill the demand of the debates and competitions. Shyness, hesitancy and fear are removed when they come on the stage or a platform and speak. In the beginning they may face and experience some difficulties but as the time went on (passes on) they soon become able, courageous to speak fluently and discuss freely.

The debating societies are of the special importance to students in cultivating the power of advancing argument who participates, want that his side should carry the day, he is their face, required to convince the audience so that they may take side of him, in case of division is called for. In order to gain favor, corroboration, support and seconding, convincing arguments are must. The participants should therefore make it a point to win the hearts of the audience by convincing appeal to their intellect. The discussing of debating societies throws a flood of light on the subject under consideration by examination all the parts for and against the muttons.

When we take parts in debates, when we speak on opposite sides of questions we learn to tolerate other people’s views and opinions. We become broad mind. Moreover, in a debate we have to be quick in thinking. Thus debating societies is sharping the wits is and strengthening the intellectual powers of a person. Debates are arranged on the variety of the subjects and we are given an opportunity to listen to the arguments in favour or against the new topics. Discussion in debating societies have often proved quite helpful for the society as well the government in solving many of their difficulties and puzzling problems. Some of the member if debating societies may become great public speakers and operators or the member of the legislative assembles and parliaments of their country.

“It is correct that debates sharpen the intellect of the participants either they are students or the others, and the power of speaking is increased”

TERRORISM - A POLITICAL CANCER

TERRORISM - A POLITICAL CANCER

Think of the terrorist as a cancer cell that might help to reframe, lf not answer, the agonized questions we keep asking ourselves. What constitutes a terrorist? What madness, what violent range, can cause human being to turn himself? Into a bomber, killing himself along with his targeted victims, as well as innocent bystanders? What chemistry of misplaced idealism of reutilization of spirit can create? Such a fury in the blood? More importantly, how do us the civilized, the law abiding, protect ourselves from such an implacable nemesis?

Such question has been asked before and will now be asked again with renewed urgency, is the terrorist Insane? ·If so, how do we defend ourselves against his Insanity? Is he a self-styled martyr seeking self actualization?

Conventional methods of defense armaments and stringent anti-terrorist laws don’t seem to work. If anything, they make matters worse. Whether it is Palestine, Sri Lanka, New York City, Kashmir and now Karachi. The fireball of terrorism seems able to erupt at will and if seemingly quenched in one spot, it bursts out another with recrudescent ferocity, No “Enduring Freedom" no National Missile Defense, no USA Patriot Act can provide a remedy for terrorism. And the more technological advanced and interlinked the global community becomes, the more vulnerable it is to terrorist attack. The World Trade Center holocaust was directly aided and abetted by high density sky scraper architecture; the Anthrax scare by the development of the virus by US laboratories in the 1950s.

Terrorism is not born in vacuum. We breed the terrorism we suffer, as we breed the disease of cancer in our bodies, Cancer, like cancer disease, is a life style manifestation. We cause our own cancer by creating a life style, an environment that is carcinogenic. We smoke, we drink, Increase our stress loads, then when the Big C hits us, we wonder why. How could it happen to me?

Think of terrorism as the political equivalent of cancer. If the International community has, In various trouble spots, created an environment where Individuals or group have In fact or perception been Increasingly marginalized, politically, socially, or economically, It has laid the foundation for the genesis of ideological cancer cells, which will grow, and spread, and metastasis and spring up In unexpected parts of the world: stamp it out In Afghanistan, it can flare In Jerusalem, of Chechnya or Washington or London or Karachi.

Like medical cancer, terrorist cancer can metamorphose into different terrorist From of the same disease. The links between different terrorist groups In different parts of the world and with ostensibly different agendas is well established. lf terrorism is Indeed a life-style disease, neither the political equivalent of the scalpel or of chemotherapy, nether military action nor draconian legislative counter assault will be of much help. Unless the disease is surgically rooted out In It’s entirely --- a near Impossibility considering the collusive nature of the quarry--- It will crop up again. Chemotherapy in the from of ordnances like USA Patriot, will only circumscribe democratic space without enhancing security.

Prevention, by way of life-style adjustments and regular checkups, is said to be the best cure for medical cancer. Those responsible for the health of our polity might do worse than take a leaf of such prescriptions. Go beyond the symptoms, find out what you Live so as not to encourage the growth of the disease. Have your check-ups, gather Intelligence, and take appropriate remedial action in the affected area. Most importantly, change the conditions which cause such malignant growths, like the light against cancer, the flight against the big “T” requires courage, stamina, the capacity to withstand pain and, most of all, faith. Faith that we can beat it because we must. For lf we don’t, it will beat us, by turning us Into Itself.

THE STANDARD OF EDUCATION

THE STANDARD OF EDUCATION

The standard of education in Pakistan is falling In a Continual manner due to locks of meaning and purpose. The planning for its developments battement and worth-while standard always remains up to in papers only.

Our education system has been divided into three stages i.e. Primary, Secondary and Higher Secondary (University) education but there is coordination among these sections. The Head of the Institutions do not tape interest in performing these respective duties honestly properly and with trust. They do not take active part to teach the students and to raise the standard of education. There heads do not actually check their duties especially In college where the lecturers in some college spend most of their time in smoking and reading Newspapers In the staff rooms or in the libraries. Moreover these heads of Institutions miserably to fall to develop the working conditions of their institutions organizations such as teaching standard games, sports and other extra curricular activities, attendance and discipline As a result of there grass negligence the students are misguided by the social and political educations and even the fall prey to drug mafia agents.

Students they days are not taking keen interest in their studies attentively and fairly because for slackness being allowed in the examinations. Why should they undergo the pain of study when the door of un-pair means is wide open to them? Students having nobody to care for them no depend upon openly on notes, keys ready made answers and they are neither thought the text Books by their teachers non they are asked to porch such books of their syllabi.

Such type of immortal factors students has started the mean spirited practice of unfair means in the exanimations and disrespectful attitude towards the invigilators of the examinations hall. The whole process (system) of the examination or the education in our country needs a drastic over hauling change lf we want the students of education of educator imposed.

TO SERVE HUMANITY IS TO SERVE GOD OR IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL WORK.

TO SERVE HUMANITY IS TO SERVE GOD OR IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL WORK.

A man lives for himself. He thinks and acts to make his own self secure, comfortable and happy. His natural instinct of self-preservation makes him behavior this way. But he becomes truly human only when he tries to make others secure, comfortable and happy. To go beyond one’s own self and serve others is social service. Such statements as “To serve humanity is to serve God” and “Service before Self”, bring out the importance of social service.

Social service is a duty. From birth to death, individual man goes on receiving things from society. He is indebt to society. it is clearly his duty to try to pay up this debt, to return what he had received of course, the debt is so heavy that it can never be fully paid up. Social service is a way of giving back to society a tiny portion of what one has taken from it. The world is full of poverty, disease, and suffering. There are opportunities for social service everywhere. To raise a fallen man is a social service, to help an old lady out of a bus is social service to take a blind man across a road is social service. Such acts put sunshine into a dark life.

There are many inspiring examples of social and humanitarian service. Florence Nightingale, the Lady of the Lamp, gave a new turn to nursing by her selfless service to the sick and dying. Madam Curie dedicated by her life to the task of making science serves mankind. Damien died a leper in the service of lepers. Albert Schweitzer gave up a bright career and spent his whole-life serving the ailing in French Equatorial Africa. Jean Henri founded the Red Cross organization but died a poor man. Baden Powell, though dead, is still serving the world, through the Boys Scout Movement. Even our self-interest should make us serve others. For we rise or fall with our society Individual happiness depends upon social happiness. If everyone tries to make everyone else happy, everyone will find himself made happy. If we all stop throwing banana skins on roads, no one will break his bones thr`ot1gh a banana-skin.

Finally, social service is a great educational discipline. It lifts us out of our petty selves. It elevates our minds, hearts and spirit. It is spiritual training. It makes our lives richer and fuller. It gives us profound spiritual satisfaction and makes-us really and truly-happy. There is no greater happiness than the happiness that comes to us through the happiness of others.

IF I WERE THE HEAD OF THE STATE

IF I WERE THE HEAD OF THE STATE

The saying “Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown” occurs in Shakespeare’s drama. In modern days "The head that wears a crown" stands for person who occupies a position of authority and power. The life of the head of state is not a bed of roses. In fact, it is a burden of responsibilities. If is become the head of the state of Pakistan, I shall leave no stone unturned to convert it into a welfare state based upon the lofty principles of Islam.

A really responsible person has very little time to think for himself. He is all the time concerned with the comforts and well being of those who are dependent on him. On becoming the head of the state I shall consider myself as a servant of my countrymen and not their master. I shall work with all sincerity for the progress and prosperity of the country. But this is not an easy task to achieve. Firstly, shall improve the administration of the country. Appointments will be made purely on the basis of merit. Inefficient and corrupt officers will have no place in my administration. Bribe and corruption in administration will be severely dealth with. For the proper implementation of my plans I shall have to choose with great care and caution a devoted and selfless team of ministers and high officers.

My administration will give top priority to the economic development of the country. My aim will be to wipe out poverty from Pakistan. For this purpose large scale reforms will be-introduced in all sectors of economic activities. Mechanized farming on a large scale will be adopted throughout the country so that Pakistan may become self sufficient in food. Growth of industries will be encouraged. The natural resources and manpower of the country shall be fully exploited. I shall ban the import of all articles of luxury. Simple living will is popularized. Economic justice will be done to all.

Education will receive due attention of my government. I shall make all possible efforts to wipe out illiteracy from the country. Technical and scientific education will  be given top priority. Education will be made free upto Intermediate level. For making and shaping of a well developed society, basic and higher education is the sheet anchor for the people.

It will be my endeavour to make Pakistan a truly Islamic state where justice will be done to all irrespective of caste, creed or colour. Judiciary will be made quite in dependent of the executive. Law and order will be maintained throughout the country at all cost. Efforts will be made to better the police administration. Criminals will be severally dealth with. Freedom of speech will be granted. Press will be made free.

In short, I shall do my best to make Pakistan a safe abode for all where peace, progress and prosperity will prevail.

PATRIOTISM

PATRIOTISM

Patriotism is a feeling of love for one’s own country. It is a desire to serve it in all conditions. This love is so deep rooted that a man can easily sacrifice his life and all for the land of his birth. This love is not like the one that a man has for another. The love of one’s own country is unchangeable. It is one and the same throughout his life.

Patriotism is a great force. It. brings the people of a country closer. It-makes them have common aims. It makes them feel that they have and die together. Patriotism saves man from a life of bondage and disgrace. It is thus his life b1ood. It was for these patriotic feelings that Alexander, Napoleon and Hitler filed to conquer the whole world and make all the people their slaves. Inspire of their indomitable will and courage; unlimited resources and vast army, they failed to achieve their end. The patriotic feelings of the peoples were too strong for them.

Patriotism is a quality of high virtue. A man who has no love for his country who has no patriotism is a man without soul. Patriotism does not mean that one should be loyal to one’s country and do whatever he pleases for his selfish ends. A patriot sacrifices all his personal interest for the welfare of his country. Patriotism includes every effort for the welfare of people and name and glory of land.

A narrow concept of patriotism is dangerous. It leads to fatal wars and world wild tension. We should not think that our country is superior to others and has a right to dominate them. A number of wars have been the result of such an attitude. A healthy sense of patriotism will never permit the people to do for others what they do not want to be done to themselves. Nationalism is not patriotism.

Many political leaders excite the people just to have cheap popularity. Under the cover of nationalism they lead nation in the wrong direction. So we should be careful about the healthy growth of this feeling.

The man who has no love and regard for his country is as ignoble as an ungrateful son. Such men are called traitors. The Muslims ruled for several hundred years in this sub-continent. They would not have lost their empire and supremacy had it not been for the traitor Mir Jafar.

We groaned the heels of the British for about two hundred years. But we are now free. But we should not forget that there are greedy eyes all around. We should, therefore, love our hard earned Pakistan most ardently. We should be ever watchful to see that nobody may even cherish an iota of greed for her.

FRIENDSHIP

FRIENDSHIP

Good friends are rare in this world. We have several acquaintances but a few friends. This is so because real friendship is a complex thing made up of several things. It is rarely that we get such a combination of things in human beings. A disinterested friend is rare.

 

Man is a social animal. He cannot live alone. He needs companions. Friendship is, therefore, the- basis on which a society has been built up. It is such a company which makes a man perfect. Friendship is a wonderful experience. It is a blessing. A person without friends is an unfortunate being. He is either an unsocial or abnormal person.

Friendship makes our life joyous and pleasant. All of us need friends to console us when we are unhappy, to cheer up when we are depressed and to help us when we are in need and to be with us when we are happy. The joys of friendship are many with a small set of good friends around, one feels at home in this world. A friendless person is always lonely and sad. He cannot see much meaning in the life around him.

The selection of a true-friend is really very difficult perhaps this has become more difficult with the advancement of material values in our society. The age of material values has made a man selfish. But true friendship is free from all selfishness. He is interested in your welfare and happiness. He does his best to help you. You don’t have to ask him for help. But if he is not aware of your difficulties you feel no hitch in telling him. Friendship flourishes on mutual trust. When that is missing there is something wrong with friendship. A good friend is prepared to sacrifice his own interest for the sake for his friend. Selfish men can never him a good friend. In friendship, as in love, you give. You don’t withhold. If you do so you are not a good friend.

There are quarrels even among good friends. But these quarrels are not always the end of friendship. A good friend’s attitude to these quarrels is generous. Sometimes there is serious misunderstanding. He tries to remove them through a frank discussion. Borrowing, it is believed, is ruinous to friendship it is perhaps true. But can one avoid borrowing from a friend if one is in need! A friend in need is a friend indeed.

Friendship is a spiritual relationship. The harmony we find between two friends is spiritual harmony. Happiness lies in getting together. A good friend is, in short, a rare possession and one must thank God if one get a really good friend.

A GOOD CITIZEN

A GOOD CITIZEN

A good citizen is one who knows his rights and duties as a citizen. He asserts his rights and performs his duties with equal zest. His rights infect imply his duties. In all democracies an individual enjoys political as well as civic rights. Political rights consists of right to vote, right to freedom of expression and faiths right to movement etc, Civic rights are of as vital importance as the political rights. This enables an individual to live in a civilized manner.

A good citizen defends his political and civic rights very zealously. The state helps him in that through law and justice. Violation of these rights is often punishable by law. We must know that rights and duties are correlative. One’s right implies an others duty and vice versa. This correlation is never lost sight of by a good citizen. A citizen is free to organize his life as he like. Technically the position may be all right. But in actual practice there are many checks on one’s freedom. I cannot build a house any where I like. I cannot build it in the way I like. I must conform to the municipal byelaws. These laws have been framed in accordance with certain common considerations. I cannot throw the refuse of my house anywhere I like. I cannot walk in the middle of the road. I cannot blow a trumpet at midnight. If I have the right to do it, my neighbors have the right to sleep peacefully. If I am a good citizen, I will impose some discipline on myself.  

As a member of society, a good citizen has certain obligations. Illiteracy, poverty, superstition, disease and a host of other problems demand the attention of a good Citizen. He has to think about these and their evils. He must give his best to the society. He must not let his energies and talents go waste. It will be social loss.

A good citizen, normally speaking, respects law. If he is liable to be taxed he pays it. He does not evade taxes bees us evil is a crime as well as a sin. He knows that his own good is linked with the good of others. He does not there fore indulge in dishonest practices. He does not try to influence their government officials for his private ends. He does not offer bribes.

An ignorant or a selfish man can never be a good citizen if he is ignorant he does not know which rights to defend and which d11ties-to perform. If he is timid, he lacks the courage to defend any encroachment on his rights. If he is selfish, he lacks the generosity to respect other’s convenience and comfort.

IMPORTANCE OF GAMES

IMPORTANCE OF GAMES

The ideal of a good and perfect life is to have a sound mind in a sound body. This is recognized by all as the best means of performing our duties. Body and mind should work at their best, and they cannot do so unless both are in good order. The limbs must be- supple, active and obedient to the will. The best way to keep the limbs fit is to exercise them in sports and games of physical skill and strength.

This indeed is the importance of games, there is no society, which has not its own special kinds of games. The proper end of game is bodily health arid physical fitness. In the past, sports like hunting and fishing used to be mainly utilitarian in purpose, That is to say, men used to hunts in order to get food. But with the dawn of the Greek Civilization, sports and games came to be looked upon as a means of building up the body beautiful. The famous Olympic Games, held every fourth year, were proof of importance given to sports and games. Theses have been revived from 1896, and are now held once in four years at various centers.

Sports and games have now come to stay in our civilization as an essential feature of human activity, and their object is not merely fun, they also instill the sprit of discipline and team-work. Game like cricket, hockey and foot ball are popular because of the sprit of team work which they inspire. This no doubt true. The discipline that gained in playing up games is invaluable in later life. It makes for a life of co-operation and team work which could be used for building up a great society and a nation.

Our young man and woman should take active part in sports and games. It is good that our .educational institution encourage sports and games by organizing matches and awarding prizes and trophies. The habit of taking part in games and sports is good in severa1 ways. Apart from making us strong, healthy and fit, it teaches us how to use our energy in the right way. But all good things sometimes become bad. This is a strange but the true fact about human activities. Sports and games should be so organized that they will not interfere with studies of our youth. Life is not all sports. They are only a part, though a very important part.

THE VALUE OF DISCIPLINE

THE VALUE OF DISCIPLINE

By the term discipline is meant according to rules. rule is a standard or principle laid down for guiding action, behavior, etc, The term discipline therefore, means that all our actions should be done in perfect accordance with certain principle or rules laid down for guiding us in the right path. So discipline leads to harmony or order whereas indiscipline leads to confusion or disorder.

Discipline is the key-note of the worldly order. In other words, the universe rests on discipline. The planets do not collide with one another but move along their orbits according to rules there are flood tide and ebb-tide in the sea according to rules; bodies left unsupported fall to the ground according to rules;- the air blows, the river flows, the flower blooms, the fruits ripen and- fall all according to rules. If there were no observance of rules, the world would have been a veritable hell of chaos and confusion. If the mother did not look after the children, if the children did not obey their parents, if the people did not obey the laws of the country, the world would have been a melting pot.

Discipline should be maintained in every walk of life. At home we are to observe discipline. We cannot rear up good children, if there is no discipline. A house, where there is no discipline, is just like a hell. So discipline should be enforced on children at home. They should be made to feel that discipline is a blessing and indiscipline is a curse, that the one leads to and prosperity whereas the other leads to unhappiness and disgrace. The home, infect is the first place to teach the value of discipline.

The discipline instilled into the character of the child at home is further improved in the educational institution Here everything takes place according to rules. The classes meet according to schedule, and according to schedule the students pass or fail according to rules; everything here rest on discipline. And punishment is given to those who go astray or are indiscipline. No life is worth living and is of any value which is not orderly and disciplined.

Coming out of their educational institutions, they enter the world of practical life. Here the same discipline with greater rigor dominates all human activities. Those who obey rules and conduct their life accordingly are happy but those who violate are unhappy and suffer.

Discipline works everywhere. It controls or physical movements and activities; it controls our morals and even or religion. There is no sphere in heaven and earth where discipline does not dominate.

ADVERTISEMENTS

ADVERTISEMENTS

We live in an age of advertisement - A world of artful advertisement - A vital necessity - It provides information and knowledge - It is- highly scientific - A source of employment to many.

Our newspapers and- magazines are full of advertisements. The radio broadcasts advertisements. We see advertisements on television. The cinema flashes advertisements on the silver-screen. We find advertisements on area-railing, building-walls, shop-fronts, electric-posts, trolleys, trucks, railway station and airport. Advertisement balloons roar high up in the sky. Sometimes advertisements are produced like a film on clouds. Indeed, we live in an age of advertisement.

Mr. J.B: Priestly says that ours is “a world of artful Advertisement”. He does not like these  advertisements. They do not believe in perfect life, a life which is all goodness, truth and beauty. And yet we are somehow taken in by our extravagant and exaggerating advertisements. Our newspapers and magazines are full of advertisements which promise us perfect life with their goods. But we cannot have this perfect life. The goods turn out to be frauds, We are disillusioned. The perfect life is spread out before us every day but it changes and Withers at a touch. We are led to expect perfection. We do not find it. We feel foiled.

But in these days of competition advertisement are a vital necessity. Trade and industry have expanded. Our wants have increased considerably. Thousands of things are made. Thousands of things are needed. With out advertisements, producers would not be able to bring their goods to the notice of consumers. Consumers would not be able to know where to find the things they want. Employers and intending employees require the help of advertisements. So do owners of cinema houses and circus proprietors and exhibition managers and all others who wish to attract clients for what they have to offer?

Advertisements are important from the point of view of information and knowledge. If we read them carefully, we come to know what the world is making and how it is progressing. Our knowledge increases. We acquire the power of discrimination and judgment. We become practical and worldly wise.

Modern advertising is no hypocritical humbug. It is a highly scientific art and a highly artistic science. It studies human nature. It produces most pleasing and attractive advertisements. These advertisements catch our eyes. They breakdown our sales resistance. They tempt us and impel us to buy things even when we do not really need them. They are an industry in and by themselves. They yield much needed  money to newspapers and magazine. They provide employment to thousands of writers, artists, craftsmen and office workers.

LIBRARY AND ITS USES

LIBRARY AND ITS USES

Introduction - Different kinds of libraries · Personal, public and institutional - importance of library - Conclusion.

The root-meaning of the word library is a room or building containing a collection of books for reading. But as there are now circulating or traveling libraries in many countries, the world has undergone a change in its meaning. By the word now indicated a collection of books for reading or reference;

There are kinds of libraries personal, public and institutional.

A personal library is one which belongs to a private person, generally of sufficient means. Such libraries grow out of such person’s taste for knowledge and, sometimes, for fashion. There are, of course, small scale private libraries owned by solvent lawyers, educationists and persons of literary taste. But such libraries contain books on some particular subject or subjects chosen according to the taste and interest of their owners.

A public library is one which is open to the public. In order to cater to the taste and interest of all classes of people, a public library has to contain books on different subjects and varieties. Such libraries may be seen in large numbers in every country. Most of these libraries are managed or subsidized by their states. The British Museum library of London and the Central library of Moscow are instances of public libraries. Again, many such libraries have been set up in England and America by philanthropic people like Mr. Carnegie, the American millionaire.

An institutional library is one which belongs to an institution such as a university, a college, a school, a chamber of commerce, a club or a governmental department. Such a library is open to the members of the institution concerned and, therefore, generally contains hooks which are needed by them most.

As acquisition of knowledge depends mostly on reading, man has to read as necessarily as he has to eat. It adds to what he has already learnt and makes him strong and fit for rude battle of life. But for financial difficulties most of the persons who are keen on reading cannot purchase the books they need to read. Hence arises the importance of libraries. Had there been no libraries, both public and institutional, such persons would have been deprived of their reading. The teachers and the students, in like manner, would be badly affected if their institutions had no libraries of their own.

Libraries attract people to read and thus create the habit of reading and- stimulate the thirst for more and more knowledge. But for the libraries, there would be no authors, no poets, and no thinkers. The libraries thus help in the advancement of learning and expansion of knowledge.

The library has another very important use. No research work is possible without a well equipped library containing valuable books of all ages, rare manuscripts and old records. A library of this type is thus of incalculable help in throwing light on unearthed subjects. Time passes in an unbroken continuity as does the water of the river. The books of the libraries are a record of this continuity. They thus enable us to know how human society has developed in thought and action step by step.

BEGGING AS A PROFESSION

BEGGING AS A PROFESSION

Pakistani beggars - Its causes, a wide spread profession, half heated anti-beggar campaign, ignorance and emotion of the people - Provisions should be made for the blind and dumb - Conclusion.

The Pakistani beggar is not a pauper but a well-paid professional. We often hear of dead beggars who have left thousands of rupees behind them. Beggary is an offense in Pakistan as it is in every other civilized country. Yet here it is allowed to be a thriving profession. We see beggars every-where. We see them in narrow, streets, public highways, outside luxurious hotels, on railway platforms, inside trains, outside mosques, in front of law courts. We see them singly or in groups. There are a1l sorts of them ugly, diseased, deformed, blind, deaf-mute, lame, leprous. They area horrible sight. Why are these lawless people allowed to move about freely? Why is no effort made to stop them from being a public nuisance and danger? There are three reasons.

First, beggary is a very well-organized and wide-spread profession. It evil far too big for any ordinary remedy. It cannot be removed easily. The most cunning criminal brains are behind it. Among beggars there are thieves, robbers, kidnappers, spies, killers, and so on. They are not afraid of the law. The law shuts its eyes to them. They carry on their activities efficiently and fearlessly.

Secondly, the municipal, police and government authorities are not- quite determined in their anti-beggar campaign. They just put up notices and stick up posters and issue warnings to alms-givers., They appear to be weak, helpless and inactive.

Thirdly, the people are ignorant, emotional and superstitious. They do not understand the dangers of giving-alms to beggars. The more wretched a beggar looks, the bigger the alms. No wonder the beggars try to look most wretched. They kidnap infants, make them blind, and deform them. They receive generous alms through these poor babies or kids.

There will always be people in all communities who will have to depend upon others for their maintenance. These people are the blind, the dumb and otherwise disabled unfortunates. But in a well ordered society, they will not to be left to beg. They will be given self-respecting jobs by adequate training for independent earning.

Begging cannot be removed overnight. It requires time, patience and wise leadership.

DEBATING SOCIETIES AND THEIR UTILITY

DEBATING SOCIETIES AND THEIR UTILITY

Introduction - it sharpens the intellect of the participants - Power of speaking is increased - Conclusion.

To debate is to talk about a question, giving reasons for and against. A debating society is, therefore, a collection of persons to talk about a question, which is often of a controversial nature, giving reasons for and against it. Thus the persons of a debating society divide themselves into two groups, one supporting or saying in favor of the question or point at issue and the other opposing or saying against it. The utility of a debating society shows itself in various ways as stated below.

Debating societies sharpen the intellect of those who participate in the discussions. Before putting their arguments for or against the subject under debate, they are deeply to think which points will be of substantial help to their stand. This invariably sharpens their intellect and increases their power of thinking.

Such societies increase the power of speaking of the participants. Every one of them tries to be at his best. In order to achieve this, he is required-to .be most careful in using words, expressions and sentences in the most effective way and as a result of this his power of speaking is considerably enriched.

Debating societies help in thinking logically. Incoherent speech containing incoherent or illogical arguments falls flat on the audience. In order to make his speech adequately, effective, every participant is to think logically and put forward his arguments logically.

These societies are helpful in making the participants to give up their habit of digression. Sometimes a speaker goes out of track and starts speaking beyond the subject matter. This is against the basic principle of debating. The participants are, therefore, always to be alert that they do not say more than what is necessary. 

Debating societies are helpful in cultivating the power of advancing arguments forcefully and convincingly. Every participant wants that his side should carry the day. He is therefore required to convince the audience so that they may side with him in case division is called for Mere vociferation without convincing arguments cannot win a case. The participants should, therefore, make it a point to win the heart of the audience by a convincing appeal to their intellect.  

The discussion of debating societies throw a flood of light on the subject under consideration by examine all the points for and against the motions, Discussions in debating societies have often helped the society and the government in solving many of their difficult and puzzling problems. The U.N.O., which is the biggest debating society, solves the world problems just in the manner as we do in our petty debating societies.